Tuesday, 27 September 2016

Camostat Mesilate




Camostat Mesilate may be available in the countries listed below.


Ingredient matches for Camostat Mesilate



Camostat

Camostat Mesilate (JAN) is also known as Camostat (Prop.INN)

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

JANJapanese Accepted Name
Prop.INNProposed International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Campath


Generic Name: alemtuzumab (Intravenous route)

al-em-TOOZ-oo-mab

Intravenous route(Solution)

Serious, including fatal, cytopenias, infusion reactions, and infections can occur in patients receiving alemtuzumab. Limit doses to 30 mg (single) and 90 mg (cumulative weekly); higher doses increase risk of pancytopenia. Escalate dose gradually and monitor patients during infusion. Withhold therapy for Grade 3 or 4 infusion reactions. Administer prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and herpes virus infections .



Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Campath

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Solution

Therapeutic Class: Immunological Agent


Pharmacologic Class: Monoclonal Antibody


Uses For Campath


Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody. It is used to treat a certain type of leukemia called B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). It is given to recently diagnosed patients and to patients whose disease has progressed despite treatment with other cancer medicines. Alemtuzumab interferes with the growth of leukemic cells, which are then destroyed by the body.


This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.


Before Using Campath


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of alemtuzumab in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.


Geriatric


Appropriate studies on the relationship of age to the effects of alemtuzumab have not been performed in the geriatric population. However, geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of this medication in the elderly are not expected.


Pregnancy








Pregnancy CategoryExplanation
All TrimestersCAnimal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.


Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.


  • Measles Virus Vaccine, Live

  • Mumps Virus Vaccine, Live

  • Rotavirus Vaccine, Live

  • Rubella Virus Vaccine, Live

  • Smallpox Vaccine

  • Varicella Virus Vaccine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Other Medical Problems


The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:


  • Bone marrow depression (e.g., anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) or

  • Heart disease or

  • Infection, severe (e.g., cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis)—May make these conditions worse.

  • Chickenpox (including recent exposure) or

  • Herpes zoster (shingles)—Risk of severe disease affecting other parts of the body.

Proper Use of Campath


A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this medicine. This medicine is given through a needle placed into one of your veins.


You will receive a medicine to prevent allergic reactions (such as diphenhydramine, Benadryl®) before you receive this medicine.


Precautions While Using Campath


It is very important that your doctor check you at regular visits to make sure this medication is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for any unwanted effects.


This medicine may cause birth defects if it is used by the mother while she is pregnant or by the father when his sexual partner becomes pregnant. Use an effective form of birth control to avoid pregnancy while you are using this medicine and for at least 6 months after your treatment ends. This is very important whether you are a man or a woman. If a pregnancy occurs while you are using this medicine, tell your doctor right away.


Alemtuzumab may cause a serious allergic reaction which can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Tell your doctor right away if you have a rash; itching; swelling of the face, tongue, and throat; trouble breathing; or chest pain after you get the injection.


While you are being treated with alemtuzumab, and after you stop treatment with it, do not have any immunizations (vaccinations) without your doctor's approval. Alemtuzumab may lower your body's resistance and there is a chance you might get the infection the immunization is meant to prevent. In addition, other persons living in your household should not take oral polio vaccine since there is a chance they could pass the polio virus on to you. Also, avoid persons who have taken oral polio vaccine within the last several months. Do not get close to them, and do not stay in the same room with them for very long. If you cannot take these precautions, you should consider wearing a protective face mask that covers the nose and mouth.


Alemtuzumab can temporarily lower the number of white blood cells in your blood, which will increase the risk of getting an infection. It can also lower the number of platelets, which are necessary for proper blood clotting. If this occurs, these are precautions you can take, especially when your blood count is low, to reduce the risk of infection or bleeding:


  • If you can, avoid people with infections. Check with your doctor immediately if you think you are getting an infection or if you get a fever or chills, cough or hoarseness, lower back or side pain, or painful or difficult urination.

  • Check with your doctor immediately if you notice any unusual bleeding or bruising; black, tarry stools; blood in urine or stools; or pinpoint red spots on your skin.

  • Be careful when using a regular toothbrush, dental floss, or toothpick. Your medical doctor, dentist, or nurse may recommend other ways to clean your teeth and gums. Check with your medical doctor before having any dental work done.

  • Do not touch your eyes or the inside of your nose unless you have just washed your hands and have not touched anything else in the meantime.

  • Be careful not to cut yourself when you are using sharp objects such as a safety razor or fingernail or toenail cutters.

  • Avoid contact sports or other situations where bruising or injury could occur.

Campath Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Black, tarry stools

  • blood in urine

  • chills

  • cough

  • diarrhea

  • dizziness

  • faintness, or light-headedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position suddenly

  • fast heartbeat

  • fever

  • headache

  • itching, hives, or rash

  • nausea and vomiting

  • painful or difficult urination

  • pale skin

  • shortness of breath

  • sore throat

  • sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth

  • sweating

  • swollen glands

  • tightness in the chest

  • troubled breathing, exertional

  • unusual bleeding or bruising

  • unusual tiredness or weakness

  • wheezing

Less common
  • Bloating or swelling of the face, hands, lower legs, and/or feet

  • chest pain

  • hoarseness

  • lower back or side pain

  • muscle weakness

  • palpitations

  • pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse

  • rapid weight gain

  • rash

  • red or purple spots on the skin, varying in size and remaining after pushing the skin surface

Rare
  • Flushing of the face or neck

  • swelling of the eyelids, face, or lips

  • white patches on the tongue, in the mouth, or in folds of the skin, including the genitals

Incidence not determined
  • Back pain

  • blindness

  • blurred vision

  • chest discomfort or pain

  • confusion

  • convulsions

  • decreased urine output

  • decreased vision

  • dilated neck veins

  • drowsiness

  • extreme fatigue

  • eye pain

  • feeling of discomfort

  • inability to move the arms and legs

  • inflammation of the joints

  • irregular breathing

  • joint pain, stiffness, or swelling

  • muscle aches or pain

  • numbness, pain, tingling, or weakness

  • painful glands

  • spitting up blood

  • sudden numbness and weakness in the arms and legs

  • swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or lower legs

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:


  • Inability to urinate

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


More common
  • Fear, nervousness

  • sleeplessness

  • trouble sleeping

  • unable to sleep

Less common
  • Acid or sour stomach

  • belching

  • bone pain

  • burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, “pins and needles”, or tingling feelings

  • heartburn

  • indigestion

  • lack or loss of strength

  • loss of appetite

  • painful cold sores or blisters on the lips, nose, eyes, or genitals

  • stomach discomfort, upset, or pain

  • swelling or inflammation of the mouth

  • weight loss

Rare
  • Bloody nose

  • constipation

  • mood or mental changes

  • sensation of temperature change

  • sleepiness

  • stuffy nose

  • tremor

  • unexplained nosebleeds

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Campath side effects (in more detail)



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More Campath resources


  • Campath Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Campath Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Campath Drug Interactions
  • Campath Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Campath - Add your own review/rating


  • Campath Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Campath MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Campath Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Campath Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Alemtuzumab Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Campath with other medications


  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

X-Pect




Ingredient matches for X-Pect



Guaifenesin

Guaifenesin is reported as an ingredient of X-Pect in the following countries:


  • United States

International Drug Name Search

Cortisporin Otic Suspension



neomycin sulfate, polymyxin b sulfate and hydrocortisone

Dosage Form: otic suspension
CORTISPORIN® Otic Solution Sterile

(neomycin and polymyxin B sulfates and hydrocortisone otic solution, USP)

Cortisporin Otic Suspension Description


CORTISPORIN Otic Solution (neomycin and polymyxin B sulfates and hydrocortisone otic solution, USP) is a sterile antibacterial and anti-inflammatory solution for otic use. Each mL contains: neomycin sulfate equivalent to 3.5 mg neomycin base, polymyxin B sulfate equivalent to 10,000 polymyxin B units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg (1%). The vehicle contains potassium metabisulfite 0.1% (added as a preservative) and the inactive ingredients cupric sulfate, glycerin, hydrochloric acid, propylene glycol, and Water for Injection.


Neomycin sulfate is the sulfate salt of neomycin B and C, which are produced by the growth of Streptomyces fradiae Waksman (Fam. Streptomycetaceae). It has a potency equivalent of not less than 600 mcg of neomycin standard per mg, calculated on an anhydrous basis. The structural formulae are:



Polymyxin B sulfate is the sulfate salt of polymyxin B1 and B2, which are produced by the growth of Bacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski) Migula (Fam. Bacillaceae). It has a potency of not less than 6,000 polymyxin B units per mg, calculated on an anhydrous basis. The structural formulae are:



Hydrocortisone, 11β,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione, is an anti-inflammatory hormone. Its structural formula is:




Cortisporin Otic Suspension - Clinical Pharmacology


Corticoids suppress the inflammatory response to a variety of agents and they may delay healing. Since corticoids may inhibit the body’s defense mechanism against infection, a concomitant antimicrobial drug may be used when this inhibition is considered to be clinically significant in a particular case.


The anti-infective components in the combination are included to provide action against specific organisms susceptible to them. Neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate together are considered active against the following microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella-Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens and streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae.


The relative potency of corticosteroids depends on the molecular structure, concentration, and release from the vehicle.



Indications and Usage for Cortisporin Otic Suspension


For the treatment of superficial bacterial infections of the external auditory canal caused by organisms susceptible to the action of the antibiotics.



Contraindications


This product is contraindicated in those individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to any of its components.


This product should not be used if the external auditory canal disorder is suspected or known to be due to cutaneous viral infection (for example, herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus).



Warnings


Neomycin can induce permanent sensorineural hearing loss due to cochlear damage, mainly destruction of hair cells in the organ of Corti. The risk of ototoxicity is greater with prolonged use; therefore, duration of therapy should be limited to 10 consecutive days (see PRECAUTIONS: General).


Patients being treated with eardrops containing neomycin should be under close clinical observation. Due to its acidity which may cause burning and stinging, CORTISPORIN Otic Solution should not be used in any patients with a perforated tympanic membrane.


Neomycin sulfate may cause cutaneous sensitization. A precise incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (primarily skin rash) due to topical neomycin is not known. Discontinue this product promptly if sensitization or irritation occurs.


When using neomycin-containing products to control secondary infection in the chronic dermatoses, such as chronic otitis externa or stasis dermatitis, it should be borne in mind that the skin in these conditions is more liable than is normal skin to become sensitized to many substances, including neomycin. The manifestation of sensitization to neomycin is usually a low-grade reddening with swelling, dry scaling, and itching; it may be manifest simply as a failure to heal. Periodic examination for such signs is advisable, and the patient should be told to discontinue the product if they are observed. These symptoms regress quickly on withdrawing the medication. Neomycin-containing applications should be avoided for the patient thereafter.


Contains potassium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people. The overall prevalence of sulfite sensitivity in the general population is unknown and probably low. Sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in nonasthmatic people.



Precautions



General


As with other antibiotic preparations, prolonged use may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi.


If the infection is not improved after 1 week, cultures and susceptibility tests should be repeated to verify the identity of the organism and to determine whether therapy should be changed.


Treatment should not be continued for longer than 10 days.


Allergic cross-reactions may occur which could prevent the use of any or all of the following antibiotics for the treatment of future infections: kanamycin; paromomycin; streptomycin; and possibly, gentamicin.



Information for Patients


Avoid contaminating the dropper with material from the ear, fingers, or other source. This caution is necessary if the sterility of the drops is to be preserved.


If sensitization or irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately and contact your physician.


Do not use in the eyes.



Laboratory Tests


Systemic effects of excessive levels of hydrocortisone may include a reduction in the number of circulating eosinophils and a decrease in urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.



Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility


Long-term studies in animals (rats, rabbits, mice) showed no evidence of carcinogenicity attributable to oral administration of corticosteroids.



Pregnancy


Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C. Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in rabbits when applied topically at concentrations of 0.5% on days 6 to 18 of gestation and in mice when applied topically at a concentration of 15% on days 10 to 13 of gestation. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.



Nursing Mothers


Hydrocortisone appears in human milk following oral administration of the drug. Since systemic absorption of hydrocortisone may occur when applied topically, caution should be exercised when CORTISPORIN Otic Solution is used by a nursing woman.



Pediatric Use


The safety and effectiveness of CORTISPORIN Otic Solution in otitis externa have been established in the pediatric age group 2 years to 16 years of age. There is inadequate data to establish safety and effectiveness in otitis externa for pediatric patients under 2 years of age.1



Geriatric Use


Clinical studies of CORTISPORIN Otic Solution did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients.



Adverse Reactions


Neomycin occasionally causes skin sensitization. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity have also been reported (see WARNINGS). Adverse reactions have occurred with topical use of antibiotic combinations including neomycin and polymyxin B. Exact incidence figures are not available since no denominator of treated patients is available. The reaction occurring most often is allergic sensitization. In one clinical study, using a 20% neomycin patch, neomycin-induced allergic skin reactions occurred in two of 2,175 (0.09%) individuals in the general population.2 In another study, the incidence was found to be approximately 1%.3


The following local adverse reactions have been reported with topical corticosteroids, especially under occlusive dressings: burning, itching, irritation, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, maceration of the skin, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae, and miliaria. Stinging and burning have been reported when this product has gained access to the middle ear.



Cortisporin Otic Suspension Dosage and Administration


Therapy with this product should be limited to 10 consecutive days.


The external auditory canal should be thoroughly cleansed and dried with a sterile cotton applicator.


For adults, four drops of the solution should be instilled into the affected ear 3 or 4 times daily. For infants and children, three drops are suggested because of the smaller capacity of the ear canal.


The patient should lie with the affected ear upward and then the drops should be instilled. This position should be maintained for 5 minutes to facilitate penetration of the drops into the ear canal. Repeat, if necessary, for the opposite ear.


If preferred, a cotton wick may be inserted into the canal and then the cotton may be saturated with the solution. This wick should be kept moist by adding further solution every 4 hours. The wick should be replaced at least once every 24 hours.



How is Cortisporin Otic Suspension Supplied


Bottle of 10 mL with sterilized dropper (NDC 61570-034-10).


Store at 15° to 25°C (59° to 77°F).



REFERENCES


  1. Jones, RN, Milazzo J, Seidlin, M. Ofloxacin Otic Solution for Treatment of Otitis Externa in Children and Adults. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997; 123: 1193–1200.

  2. Leyden JJ, Kligman AM. Contact dermatitis to neomycin sulfate. JAMA. 1979;242:1276–1278.

  3. Prystowsky SD, Allen AM, Smith RW, Nonomura JH, Odom RB, Akers WA. Allergic contact hypersensitivity to nickel, neomycin, ethylenediamine, and benzocaine: relationships between age, sex, history of exposure, and reactivity to standard patch tests and use tests in a general population. Arch Dermatol. 1979;115:959–962.

Rx Only


Prescribing Information as of May 2010.


Distributed by: Monarch Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bristol, TN 37620


Manufactured by: DSM Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Greenville, NC 27834



LabelGraphics1




LabelGraphics2










CORTISPORIN 
neomycin sulfate, polymyxin b sulfate and hydrocortisone  solution










Product Information
Product TypeHUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUGNDC Product Code (Source)61570-034
Route of AdministrationAURICULAR (OTIC)DEA Schedule    














Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient NameBasis of StrengthStrength
NEOMYCIN SULFATE (NEOMYCIN)NEOMYCIN3.5 mg  in 1 mL
POLYMYXIN B SULFATE (POLYMYXIN B)POLYMYXIN B10000 [iU]  in 1 mL
HYDROCORTISONE (HYDROCORTISONE)HYDROCORTISONE10 mg  in 1 mL





Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient NameStrength
No Inactive Ingredients Found


















Product Characteristics
Color    Score    
ShapeSize
FlavorImprint Code
Contains      














Packaging
#NDCPackage DescriptionMultilevel Packaging
161570-034-101 BOTTLE In 1 CARTONcontains a BOTTLE, DROPPER
110 mL In 1 BOTTLE, DROPPERThis package is contained within the CARTON (61570-034-10)










Marketing Information
Marketing CategoryApplication Number or Monograph CitationMarketing Start DateMarketing End Date
NDANDA05047911/17/1975


Labeler - Monarch Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (809587413)
Revised: 07/2011Monarch Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

More Cortisporin Otic Suspension resources


  • Cortisporin Otic Suspension Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Cortisporin Otic Suspension Dosage
  • Cortisporin Otic Suspension Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Cortisporin Otic Suspension Drug Interactions
  • Cortisporin Otic Suspension Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Cortisporin Otic - Add your own review/rating


  • AK-Spore HC Otic Suspension Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Cort-Biotic Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Cort-Biotic Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

  • Cortomycin Solution MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Cortisporin Otic Suspension with other medications


  • Otitis Externa
  • Otitis Media

Monday, 26 September 2016

nitisinone


nye-TIS-i-none


Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.


  • Orfadin

Available Dosage Forms:


  • Capsule

Therapeutic Class: Gastrointestinal Agent


Uses For nitisinone


Nitisinone is given along with a special diet to treat hereditary tyrosinemia, type 1. This disease is caused by too much tyrosine in the blood. It may cause damage to the liver, kidneys, eyes, skin, and nervous system. Treatment with nitisinone and diet may slow the disease, but it will not cure it.


nitisinone is available only with your or your child's doctor's prescription.


Before Using nitisinone


In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For nitisinone, the following should be considered:


Allergies


Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to nitisinone or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.


Pediatric


nitisinone has been tested in children and, in effective doses, has not been shown to cause specific problems.


Geriatric


Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information comparing use of nitisinone in the elderly with use in other age groups.


Pregnancy








Pregnancy CategoryExplanation
All TrimestersCAnimal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding


There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.


Interactions with Medicines


Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.


Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol


Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.


Proper Use of nitisinone


To use:


  • It is not known how nitisinone reacts with food. It is best to take it at least 1 hour before a meal.

  • For small children, you may open the capsule and put the medicine in a small amount of water, formula, or applesauce. Give the medicine as soon as it is mixed.

Dosing


The dose of nitisinone will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of nitisinone. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.


The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.


  • For oral dosage form (capsules):
    • For hereditary tyrosinemia, type 1:
      • Adults—The dose is based on body weight and will be determined by your doctor. Your doctor may increase the dose as needed.

      • Children—The dose is based on body weight and will be determined by your child's doctor. Your child's doctor may increase the dose as needed.



Missed Dose


If you miss a dose of nitisinone, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.


Storage


Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.


Keep out of the reach of children.


Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.


Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.


Precautions While Using nitisinone


While taking nitisinone,it is important that you or your child maintain a diet with restricted amounts of tyrosine and phenylalanine A nutritionist may be able to help you with the special diet needed to treat you. A nutritionist that has special training with children may help with a diet for your child.


Call your doctor right away for any redness, swelling, or burning of your or your child's eyes, an unusual rash, bleeding, or if your or your child's skin is yellow.


It is very important that the doctor check you or your child at regular visits to see how the medicine is working and increase the dose if needed. The doctor may test your your child's blood often.


A special examination of your or your child's eyes should be done before nitisinone is started.


Wearing sunglasses that block ultraviolet light is recommended. Nitisinone may cause sensitivity of the eyes to the sunlight.


nitisinone Side Effects


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.


Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:


More common
  • Bloated abdomen

  • dark-colored urine

  • dull, achy upper abdominal pain

  • general feeling of tiredness or weakness

  • headache

  • light-colored stools

  • loss of appetite

  • unexplained weight loss

  • vomiting

  • yellow eyes or skin

Less common
  • Black, tarry stools

  • blindness

  • blood in urine or stools

  • blisters on skin

  • bloody nose

  • blurred vision

  • change in color vision

  • chest pain or discomfort

  • chills

  • cough

  • darkening of urine

  • decreased vision

  • difficulty seeing at night

  • dry or itching eyes

  • dry skin

  • excessive tearing from eyes

  • eye pain

  • fever

  • fluid-filled skin blisters

  • general feeling of discomfort or illness

  • increased sensitivity of eyes to sunlight

  • irritation or inflammation of the eye

  • itching of the skin

  • painful or difficult urination

  • pinpoint red spots on skin

  • rash with flat lesions or small raised lesions on the skin

  • red, thickened, or scaly skin

  • redness, pain, swelling of eye, eyelid, or inner lining of eyelid burning

  • sensitivity to the sun

  • shortness of breath

  • skin thinness

  • sore throat

  • sores, ulcers, or white spots on lips or in mouth

  • swollen and/or painful glands

  • unusual bleeding or bruising

  • unexplained nosebleed

Rare
  • Agitation

  • anxiety

  • back pain

  • bloody stools

  • bluish color of fingernails, lips, skin, palms, or nail beds

  • change in personality

  • change in vision

  • cold sweats

  • coma

  • confusion

  • cool, pale skin

  • cough producing mucus

  • decreased urination

  • diarrhea

  • difficulty breathing

  • dizziness

  • drowsiness

  • dry mouth

  • earache

  • fainting

  • fast heartbeat

  • feeling full in upper abdomen

  • increase in heart rate

  • increase in body movements

  • increased hunger

  • infection

  • irregular, fast or slow, or shallow breathing

  • irritability

  • lightheadedness

  • mood or mental changes

  • nausea

  • nervousness

  • pain or swelling in arms or legs without any injury

  • pale skin

  • problems with walking or talking

  • rapid breathing

  • redness or swelling in ear

  • seeing things that are not there

  • shakiness

  • skin rash found mostly on mucous membranes such as eyes and mouth

  • stiff neck

  • sunken eyes

  • thirst

  • tightness in chest

  • vomiting of blood or material that looks like coffee grounds

  • wheezing

  • wrinkled skin

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:


Less common or rare
  • Absent, missed, or irregular menstrual periods

  • burning feeling in chest or stomach

  • hair loss

  • indigestion

  • sleepiness

  • stomach upset

  • stopping of menstrual bleeding

  • tenderness in stomach area

  • thinning of hair

  • tooth discoloration

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: nitisinone side effects (in more detail)



The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.


The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.


More nitisinone resources


  • Nitisinone Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Nitisinone Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Nitisinone Support Group
  • 0 Reviews · Be the first to review/rate this drug


  • nitisinone Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

  • Nitisinone MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Nitisinone Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Orfadin Prescribing Information (FDA)


Friday, 23 September 2016

Claritin



Generic Name: loratadine (lor AT a deen)

Brand Names: Alavert, Alavert Allergy, Claritin, Claritin 24 Hour Allergy, Claritin Hives Relief, Claritin Liqui-Gels, Claritin Reditab, Clear-Atadine, Clear-Atadine Children's, Dimetapp ND, Loratadine Reditab, ohm Allergy Relief, Tavist ND, Wal-itin


What is loratadine?

Loratadine is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose.


Loratadine is used to treat the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, watery eyes, and runny nose. It is also used to treat skin hives and itching in people with chronic skin reactions.


Loratadine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.


What is the most important information I should know about loratadine?


You should not take this medication if you are allergic to loratadine or to desloratadine (Clarinex).

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking this medicine if you have liver or kidney disease.


Do not give this medication to a child younger than 6 years old without the advice of a doctor.

Loratadine disintegrating tablets (Claritin Reditab) may contain phenylalanine. Talk to your doctor before using this form of loratadine if you have phenylketonuria (PKU).


What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking loratadine?


You should not take this medication if you are allergic to loratadine or to desloratadine (Clarinex).

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take this medicine if you have:


  • kidney disease; or

  • liver disease.


FDA pregnancy category B: This medication is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Loratadine can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

Loratadine disintegrating tablets (Claritin Reditab, Alavert) may contain phenylalanine. Talk to your doctor before using this form of loratadine if you have phenylketonuria (PKU).


Do not give this medication to a child younger than 6 years old without the advice of a doctor.

How should I take loratadine?


Use exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.


Loratadine is usually taken once per day. Follow your doctor's instructions.


Do not crush, chew, or break the regular loratadine tablet. Swallow the pill whole.

Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.


To take loratadine orally disintegrating tablet (Claritin RediTab, Alavert):



  • Keep the tablet in its blister pack until you are ready to take the medicine. Open the package and peel back the foil from the tablet blister. Do not push a tablet through the foil or you may damage the tablet.




  • Using dry hands, remove the tablet and place it on your tongue. It will begin to dissolve right away.




  • Do not swallow the tablet whole. Allow it to dissolve in your mouth without chewing.




  • Swallow several times as the tablet dissolves. If desired, you may drink water to help swallow the dissolved tablet.



Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve.


Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?


Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.


What happens if I overdose?


Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include headache, drowsiness, and fast or pounding heartbeat.


What should I avoid while taking loratadine?


Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity.


Loratadine side effects


Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

  • fast or uneven heart rate;




  • feeling like you might pass out;




  • jaundice (yellowing of your skin or eyes); or




  • seizures (convulsions).



Less serious side effects may include:



  • headache;




  • nervousness;




  • feeling tired or drowsy;




  • stomach pain, diarrhea;




  • dry mouth, sore throat hoarseness;




  • eye redness, blurred vision;




  • nosebleed; or




  • skin rash.



This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.


What other drugs will affect loratadine?


There may be other drugs that can interact with loratadine. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.



More Claritin resources


  • Claritin Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Claritin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Drug Images
  • Claritin Drug Interactions
  • Claritin Support Group
  • 9 Reviews for Claritin - Add your own review/rating


  • Claritin Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Claritin Consumer Overview

  • Claritin Syrup MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Loratadine Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Loratadine Monograph (AHFS DI)

  • Alavert Prescribing Information (FDA)

  • Claritin 24 Hour Allergy MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

  • Claritin Liqui-Gels MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)



Compare Claritin with other medications


  • Hay Fever
  • Urticaria


Where can I get more information?


  • Your pharmacist can provide more information about loratadine.

See also: Claritin side effects (in more detail)


Cefizox


Pronunciation: SEFF-tih-ZOX-eem
Generic Name: Ceftizoxime
Brand Name: Cefizox


Cefizox is used for:

Treating serious infections caused by certain bacteria.


Cefizox is a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria's cell wall so that the wall ruptures, resulting in the death of the bacteria.


Do NOT use Cefizox if:


  • you are allergic to any ingredient in Cefizox or any other cephalosporin antibiotic (eg, cephalexin, cefprozil)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.



Before using Cefizox:


Some medical conditions may interact with Cefizox. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:


  • if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

  • if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

  • if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

  • if you have diarrhea, a stomach or intestinal infection, or a blood clotting problem

  • if you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, a severe rash, hives, breathing difficulties, dizziness) to a penicillin antibiotic (eg, amoxicillin) or other beta-lactam antibiotic (eg, imipenem)

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Cefizox. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:


  • Aminoglycosides (eg, gentamicin) because side effects, such as kidney toxicity, may be increased by Cefizox

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Cefizox may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.


How to use Cefizox:


Use Cefizox as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.


  • Cefizox is usually administered as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic.

  • If you are using Cefizox at home, carefully follow the injection procedures taught to you by your health care provider.

  • If the medicine contains particles or is discolored, or if the vial/container is cracked or damaged in any way, do not use it.

  • Cefizox works best when taken at the same time(s) each day.

  • To clear up your infection completely, continue using Cefizox for the full course of treatment even if you feel better in a few days. Do not miss any doses.

  • Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Dispose of properly after use. Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explain local regulations for selecting an appropriate container and properly disposing of the container when full.

  • If you miss a dose of Cefizox, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Cefizox.



Important safety information:


  • If severe diarrhea, stomach pain/cramps, or bloody stools occur, contact your doctor at once. This could be a symptom of a serious side effect requiring immediate medical attention. Do not treat diarrhea without consulting your doctor.

  • Cefizox is effective only against bacteria. It is not effective for treating viral infections (eg, the common cold).

  • It is important to use Cefizox for the full course of treatment. Failure to do so may decrease the effectiveness of Cefizox and may increase the risk that the bacteria will no longer be sensitive to Cefizox and will not be able to be treated by this or certain other antibiotics in the future.

  • LAB TESTS may be performed to monitor your progress or to check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

  • PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Cefizox during pregnancy. Cefizox is excreted in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Cefizox.


Possible side effects of Cefizox:


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:



Fever; mild diarrhea; nausea; vomiting.



Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); bloody stools; pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site; seizures; severe diarrhea; stomach cramps/pain; vaginal irritation or discharge; yellowing eyes and skin.



This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.


See also: Cefizox side effects (in more detail)


If OVERDOSE is suspected:


Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include muscle spasms; seizures.


Proper storage of Cefizox:

Cefizox is usually handled and stored by a health care provider. If you are using Cefizox at home, store Cefizox as directed by your pharmacist or health care provider. Keep Cefizox, as well as needles and syringes, out of the reach of children and away from pets.


General information:


  • If you have any questions about Cefizox, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

  • Cefizox is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

  • If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

  • Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Cefizox. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.



Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Cefizox resources


  • Cefizox Side Effects (in more detail)
  • Cefizox Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
  • Cefizox Drug Interactions
  • Cefizox Support Group
  • 0 Reviews for Cefizox - Add your own review/rating


  • Cefizox Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)



Compare Cefizox with other medications


  • Bacteremia
  • Bladder Infection
  • Bone infection
  • Epiglottitis
  • Gonococcal Infection, Disseminated
  • Gonococcal Infection, Uncomplicated
  • Intraabdominal Infection
  • Joint Infection
  • Kidney Infections
  • Meningitis
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Peritonitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Skin Infection
  • Urinary Tract Infection